Boxmining

Category: Glossary

This section is the glossary of cryptocurrency related concepts, with easy to understand explanations for each of them. Understanding these concepts are key to having a solid understanding in cryptocurrencies. Topics can be as easy to understand as Hard Wallets, to advanced concepts like the Lightning Network.

  • ChainLink ($LINK) guide: A key link in the DeFi space

    ChainLink ($LINK) guide: A key link in the DeFi space

    ChainLink ($LINK) has been a standout project in the cryptocurrency industry since its creation in 2017 by San Francisco based company, SmartContract. The Company is renowned for being a decentralised oracle solution, they act as a middleware agent between traditional data sources, blockchain projects and smart contracts (which drive Decentralised Finance (DeFi) projects) using their $LINK token. Partnership wise, the Company has been linked with national governments like the Chinese government and are consistently building new partnerships with major brands. Clearly, ChainLink is a company that any crypto or blockchain enthusiast should have an understanding of, so here we have compiled a complete guide to this revolutionary project.

    ChainLink has prominence because they solved the Oracle Problem. The oracle problem originates from an issue with smart contracts, which are coding instructions that would automatically execute under specific conditions on blockchain networks. Smart contracts are. also immutable, cost effective and self-executing, so technically they are perfect for automating transactions which are transparent and have zero chance of failure. These smart contracts derive their data from “Oracles” (i.e. data sources, APIs etc) , and this is where the problem lies. Smart contracts are only as “smart” as the information fed to them by the oracles. If you feed a smart contract with malicious code or bad data, the smart contract will still process it anyway because it is just code, and what comes out would be incorrect or unpredictable. This is known as the “Oracle Problem”.

    That all changed when ChainLink worked out how to retrieve and share information from the Oracles without jeopardizing the security of the blockchain. This was by creating a decentralized blockchain that bridges between the Oracles and the smart contracts. While researching this, I stumbled upon a 스포츠토토 사이트 추천, which provided insights into secure and reliable platforms for sports betting. The system is built on a collection of individual nodes that act as smart contracts on their own to gather the information and, as a result, have created a smart contract infrastructure. Now, instead of having to blindly trust a source, smart contracts can access resources like data feeds, traditional bank account payments, and web APIs.

    ChainLink infrastructure
    ChainLink infrastructure (Image credit: Data Driven Investor)

    Why is this important? It is because ChainLink believes its technology will do away with traditional legal agreements and instead the information will be stored on blockchain forever. 

    ChainLink is also relevant to the cryptocurrency industry because its Oracles also provide a solution for decentralized applications (dapps) as they too provide a bridge to the outside world.

    The $LINK token is ChainLink’s native cryptocurrency and was set up on the Ethereum network using an ERC677 token whose functionality is based on the ERC-20 token standard, it also boasts ‘transfer and call’ functionality. The $LINK token is used as staking for a bidding system for provision of information and for rewards, as will be seen in the following paragraph.

    The decentralized oracle network works through a two way system between those who wish to purchase data and those who bid to be the providers of the said data. Providers, also known as “Node Operators” stake ChainLink’s $LINK tokens to make bids to the intended data purchaser. If they win, they must provide the information required by the purchaser on chain through their APIs. The “winning” Node Operator’s payout is determined by the number of operators using the site, and the Oracles implement this decision. Payouts are in the form of the $LINK token. 

    This system has a number of benefits. When ChainLink is popular with Node Operators, then their value increases. Not only that, but Node Operators are also rewarded for accumulating $LINK tokens through easier access to larger contracts, also increasing $LINK’s value. Those who act maliciously, however, are punished by removal of $LINK tokens. 

    As you can see the $LINK token allows for self regulating governance of the ChainLink network. Some have suggested that payouts needn’t be in $LINK, but rather any other cryptocurrency would have done the job. Yet, ChainLink’s price performances in recent times have suggested the team in San Francisco were right to go down the native token route.

    The $LINK token can be traded on exchanges and is gaining in popularity too. Currently it ranks as the 8th highest market cap according to Coingecko. Available on most major exchanges like Coinbase Pro, Binance and OKEX ChainLink’s token has been a standout performer in recent months. Check out our Coinbase Pro review, Binance review and OKEX review.

    Unlike other companies who rely on PR and word of mouth to promote themselves, ChainLink has gone about it by courting various companies and governments around the world. Their CEO Sergey Nazarov has been on a charm offensive for a while and has secured numerous allies. This is because ChainLink provides businesses the benefits of decentralization, trust and immutability, all without them having to make a new system. Here’s some of ChainLink’s key partners.

    Other Cryptocurrencies- Bitcoin and Hyperledger

    In terms of the cryptocurrency field, ChainLink’s oracle services are available on other blockchains such as Bitcoin and Hyperledger. This openness has also opened up the door for a number of high profile partnerships with other blockchain projects that have made commentators and traders take notice of the Company.

    Synthetix Network

    In March 2019, ChainLink and Synthetix announced a partnership with the aim of improving the Synthetix platform’s price feeds. SNX, the company’s native token, receives data feeds using Chainlink’s decentralized oracle network. 

    Celer Network

    ChainLink has been used by Celer to bring accurate real world data to their layer-2 scaling solution. Now, payments executed off chain can be registered on chain making the real world and blockchain more cohesive. Their joint statement described their union as, “a combination of off-chain conditional state transition with an on-chain oracle dependency. Or put it simply, introducing the capability to combine real-world information and layer-2 scalability.”

    ChainLink and their oracles are not just reserved for the cryptocurrency industry. The use cases and partnerships stretch to major internet companies like Google. The search engine company integrated ChainLink’s oracles for its blockchain cloud service. According to a blog post, the oracles will help with data communication between Big Query and other blockchains on the cloud.  

    Chinese Government Blockchain Service Network (BSN)

    In June, the Chinese state backed Blockchain Service Network (BSN) announced its intentions to bring ChainLink in on a consultancy and application basis to help develop the BSN. Reports at the time suggested ChainLink will foster the creation of a “service hub” which would form the bedrock of its “internet of blockchains.” For a full breakdown of the partnership which also involved Cosmos, click here. 

    SWIFT 

    SWIFT is a major financial institution/telecommunications company which connects the banking world. They have brought ChainLink on board and are regularly using their technology. SWIFT began using ChainLink’s technology as now any real-world money transfer can be sent into the blockchain from SWIFT via Chainlink. So ChainLink now allows cohesion between traditional banking and the crypto sphere. 

    Other partnerships

    The partnerships don’t stop there. ChainLink has teamed up with betting company, BetProtocol to provide decentralized Esports and Sports Oracles on their website. DocuSign, an online contract company has also brought them onboard. 

    Overall, it is clear that ChainLink is an important figure within the blockchain and cryptocurrency industry. Quite how important the oracle technology proves to be will be easier to judge as the world understands and develops blockchain technology. Though currently, all signs point towards a more optimistic outlook

    As for the $LINK token, they are clearly a standout which has risen rapidly in the past few months, having gone from $3.72 in early May 2020 to reach a new all-time high of over $14. In fact, as a Forbes report noted in July 2020, the $LINK token has “soared 1,000% in just over 12 months”. One factor in the token’s recent success is the increase in partnerships since 2019. Another reason is definitely the recent DeFi fever, especially since ChainLink and the DeFi space are so interlinked as ChainLink provides oracles for the smart contracts that power various DeFi projects.

    We can also see that people also have positive thoughts on the project, a huge majority of users on Coingecko voting positively.

    Zeus Capital, purportedly an asset management and research firm published a report on 15th July 2020 accusing Chainlink of being a classic “pump and dump”. The Report alleges ChainLink of using techniques such as inside trading, artificial transactions, overhyping the project, and questioning whether ChainLink actually has partnerships with companies like Google and Oracle. According to Zeus Capital, this was to drive up the price of $LINK prior to the team dumping the coin onto innocent investors. They concluded their Report saying that “Based on our findings we have opened a short position in LINK and recommend you doing the same with a target price of USD0.07 and potential upside of nearly 100%.”

    In addition to promoting the Report through advertisements on Twitter, screenshots have also been circulating saying that Zeus Capital was offering Twitter cryptocurrency influencers rewards of up to 5 Bitcoin to post price analysis indicating that LINK prices would fall.

    Twitter user @iceberg trolls Zeus Capital asking for 5 BTC to post bad chart and Zeus Capital actually seems to accept the offer.

    Supporters of ChainLink retaliated, accusing Zeus Capital of spreading fear, uncertainty and doubt (FUD). On the day the Report was published, prices for LINK went up to $8.73. Meanwhile, the real Zeus Capital, a prominent investment banking operation based in London came forward on 20th July 2020 to say it did not produce the Reports.

    Zeus Capital then doubled down on their allegations against ChainLink by publishing a follow-up report on 31st July 2020 titled “Exposing Chainlink’s Pump and Dump Scheme”. They also doubled down on their stance in the Report: “The current tokenomics and lack of commercial applications cannot justify LINK’s price. As a result, we recommend short selling LINK with a target price of 7 US cents”. The Follow-up Report also concludes with a disclosure that they hold a short position on $LINK.

    Despite these damning reports, prices for LINK continued to remain strong. This meant that those who were shorting LINK, i.e. counting on prices to drop, were getting squeezed out of their positions. This all came to a head on the morning of 8th August 2020 when prices for LINK crossed over the USD $11 threshold. During that time, data showed that millions worth of Chainlink short positions were partially or fully liquidated. A notable example of this was a short position worth around USD$20 million which seems to have been entirely liquidated, leaving the wallet pretty dry with only USD $299.66 remaining.

    It is noted that there is no conclusive evidence to say that any of these liquidated accounts belonged to Zeus Capital. However one thing is certain- ChainLink, helped by its supporters i.e. the Link Marines were able to successfully shake off the FUD. And as at the time of this update, LINK prices had peaked at USD$14.34, almost double the prices when the first Report was published.

    2020 has been a favorable year for Chainlink ($LINK). It has been one of the best performing coins and secured its spot in the top10 assets ranking by mcap. It is now sitting at n°9 with a market cap close to $8 billion dollars.

    Chainlink is widely recognized as the most used oracle in crypto and has been a backbone for Defi’s explosion. Many are the collaborations announced, over 300, not only on the Ethereum blockchain. Chainlink is also expanding to other chains such as Polkadot and Tezos. Results have exceeded expectations and the company has also been recognized, among 6 other blockchain companies (Lightning Labs, MakerDAO, Elliptic, Bitmark, Ripio, Veridium Labs) by the World Economic Forum among the 100 most promising Technology Pioneers of 2020.

    The team has allegedly doubled its size and acquired important strategic pieces. Ari Juels, now Chief Scientist at Chainlink Labs, was one of the 2 writers of the first Proof of Work paper. He has also developed Deco, a privacy-preserving technology now acquired by Chainlink, at Cornell University together with other researchers.

    “Deco allows oracles to attest to the validity of information in trusted databases/systems without exposing it to the public or even the oracle itself using … Zero-Knowledge Proofs. Essentially, the oracle can join a user-initiated web session to attest to some requested information— possibly to verify someone’s identity, approve their financial information, or check key government records”.

    The data will never leave the selected database so the info will remain stored in trusted locations, enhancing the privacy and usability of the blockchain. An important possible application could be transactions that can meet KYC (Know Your Customer) or AML (Ant Money Laundering) requirements without exposing sensitive information on-chain.

    2021 looks certainly promising. The company will continue with its focus on security while bringing as much data as possible on-chain, from different sectors. This will provide huge improvements and development to the whole crypto space.


    Sources: Decrypt, Maxbit

    Decentralised Finance (DeFi) series: tutorials, guides and more

    With content for both beginners and more advanced users, check out our YouTube DeFi series containing tutorials on the ESSENTIAL TOOLS you need for trading in the DeFi space e.g. MetaMask and Uniswap. As well as a deep dive into popular DeFi topics such as decentralized exchanges, borrowing-lending platforms and NFT marketplaces

    The DeFi series on this website also covers topics not explored on YouTube. For an introduction on what is DeFi, check out Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Overview: A guide to the HOTTEST trend in cryptocurrency

    Tutorials and guides for the ESSENTIAL DEFI TOOLS:

    More videos and articles are coming soon as part of our DeFi series, so be sure to SUBSCRIBE to our Youtube channel so you can be notified as soon as they come out!

    Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.

  • How to mine Dogecoin with these easy software

    How to mine Dogecoin with these easy software

    Introduction

    First started as an internet meme from 2 software engineers Billy Markus and Jackson Palmer to mock crazy fans of cryptocurrency, Dogecoin has now officially become a part of the big family. It’s actually one of the top crypto currencies at the moment – not bad for something that started out as a joke. 

    what is dogecoin

    Just like other cryptocurrencies, Dogecoin is powered by a decentralized finance system called blockchain technology. The attraction of cryptos is that it is not under  any private corporations, multinational enterprises or the government’s control. Crypto currencies are free from any regulations set by any government and bank institutions.

    Moreover, Dogecoin cannot be found in a single particular computer system. It is built on top of a huge network of computers or nodes that confirm the transactions. This system of peer-to-peer exchange and transfer of information makes the whole structure almost impossible to hack and bring down. 

    Cryptocurrency has limited supply, hence the hype. This limit of supply is meant to make sure that their prices will not get too low, which is what happens  for fiat currency like the USD if the government keeps on printing the money without proper control or monitoring. 

    There are market caps for each cryptocurrency. Dogecoin has no supply limit, of which  around 129 billion Dogecoins are currently circulating as of May 9, 2021.

    What is Dogecoin mining?

    Before we get to Dogecoin mining, you have to know that mining cryptocurrencies is not the same as  mining coal or petroleum underground like they do in the Middle East. The mining being discussed here is  digital mining through complex mathematical algorithms. In a simpler context, it is like the process of creating a new coin by solving a puzzle, but just in a more technical way involving very complex algorithms .

    Since the ledger — blockchain technology — of the transactions need to be maintained, not a lot of people will spend time mining. Instead, they will just buy the coins outright from the crypto markets. . 

    In the early days of crypto, it was possible to use your own laptop pc to solve any of the blocks in the chain and earn yourself a coin for your efforts.  Each confirmation of a transaction  will place a new block for the Doge network, for which there will be a reward for the miners in the form of more Dogecoins.

    Every cryptocurrency has different mining systems. Here is a comparison of Dogecoins and Bitcoin, the leading cryptocurrency in the world.

    DogecoinBitcoin
    AlgorithmScrypt coinSHA-256
    Block Time1 minute!10 minutes
    Difficulty2,798,2523,511,060,552,899
    Reward10,000 DOGE12.5 BTC

    Notes:

    1. Algorithm: Rules for mining new currency aka hashing algorithm
    2. Block time: Average time for a new block checked and added to the chain. It varies across time. 
    3. Difficulty: Difficulty level to mine a new block of currency. It varies across time. 
    4. Reward: Amount of new currency rewarded for each new block mined. It varies across time. 

    How to mine Dogecoin?

    how to mine dogecoin

    There are 3 ways to mine Dogecoin: solo mining, pool mining and cloud mining. We’ll explain one by one to see what the difference is between them. 

    1. Solo mining

    You are mining on your own. It means you need to spend more money on the most modern and updated equipment and pricey utility fees by yourself. However you get to keep all the rewards to yourself .

    In some cases, people have spent a whopping $500,000 for just building the mining gear alone. This is not including the electricity bills that are usually enormous for an operation of that size. If you’re not careful, the electricity bills could eat into your profits without you realizing.

    1. Pool mining

    It’s like a group project. You have less work to do but you need to share the pride and achievement. At Dogecoin mining, you will have an easier time earning coins, but the rewards have to be shared. 

    Before joining a pool, check out their calculation for the payouts of each member and consider the extra pool fees needed. There are few options online for pool mining. So do research about all of the options before you join the pool.

    1. Cloud mining

    Pay for a group to mine for you. This is for those that prefer not to invest too much effort and time for mining Dogecoin. You can rent machines from a data center and ask them to mine for your behalf. This way might be the most costliest among the 3 options, since it is time-locked and the price might drop during the agreement. Furthermore, electricity bills and other costs need to be covered too. 

    Things needed to mine Dogecoin

    Other than the electricity itself, there are 3 things needed to mine Dogecoin which are hardware, software and a crypto wallet. 

    1. Hardware

    Any Windows, Mac OS or Linux system is needed to start mining. Basic machines like CPU can be used but it will take a long time to succeed. Also, your computer will end up overheated or getting damaged.

    GPU mining is recommended, especially those with graphic cards. Alternatively, you also can use Scrypt ASIC miner which is dedicated mainly for crypto like Dogecoin. 

    1. Software

    The software will differ depending on the hardware you use. Here are the softwares recommended for different hardwares:

    • CPU: CPUminer
    • GPU: EasyMiner, CGminer, CudaMiner
    • Scrypt ASIC: MultiMiner

    Be careful to select the legit mining software, or else the fake ones will harm your PC and investment. So double check before downloading. 

    1. Crypto wallet

    Digital wallet is not enough to secure your Dogecoin if you are serious about mining it. Since you have invested so much in this process, why not secure it further by having a cold crypto wallet?

    dogecoin digital wallet

    You don’t have to worry about being hacked  and keep your profits safe. 

    Conclusion

    We don’t know whether Dogecoin will go up in price again or plummet to oblivion. Will Elon Musk put more trust in it or is it just for clout? That’s up to you to discover. 

    However when mining Dogecoin, one should always balance the costs to run the mine and the potential returns before deciding whether it is a good option.  

    Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.

  • Hot Wallets vs. Cold Wallets: Differences, Pros and Cons

    Hot Wallets vs. Cold Wallets: Differences, Pros and Cons

    Hot and cold wallets are used to store your cryptocurrencies, specifically your private keys which grant you access to your crypto assets. They are therefore a crucial element of the cryptocurrency space.

    The major difference between hot and cold wallets is that hot wallets are connected to the internet whilst cold wallets are not.

    For those holding cryptocurrencies, the choice between cold and hot wallets depends on factors such as the amount of coins you hold, the frequency in which you trade etc.

    Click here to learn more about private and public keys.

    Hot Wallets

    Hot wallets are connected to the internet and are generally more popular.

    Examples of Hot Wallets

    Hot wallet: Enjin mobile wallet
    Hot wallet: Enjin mobile wallet

    Pros

    • Easy to set up and use.
    • Convenient to access funds for trading since it is already connected to the internet.
    • Free.

    Cons

    • Vulnerable to hackers, as seen in the numerous hacks on cryptocurrency exchanges.
    • If exchanges close, traders will be left with no recourse to recover their funds.

    Cold Wallets

    Cold wallets are also known as hardware wallets. They are physical offline storage devices that you plug into your computer to use.

    Cold wallets
    Cold wallets: Clockwise from left, the Ledger Nano X, Trezor Model T and KeepKey

    Examples of Cold Wallets

    Pros

    • Provide better security because your private keys are stored offline.

    Cons

    • Can be expensive; prices can range from US$59 for the Ledger Nano S to US$170 for the Trezor Model T.
    • Extra steps are required for trading. Save for the KeepKey which is partnered with ShapeShift exchange, users must first send their cryptocurrencies from their cold wallet to an exchange before they can trade. And when cryptocurrency prices fluctuate by the minute, this can have a profound effect on your gains.
    • Harder to use. They do require at least 10 minutes for initial set-up, and you will need to plug in your device every time before sending your cryptocurrencies. (www.speedclean.com)
    • Inconvenient. Even with the Ledger Nano X’s mobile feature allowing you to connect the device to your mobile phone via Bluetooth, it’s still not as convenient as a mobile wallet, which is simply an app on your phone.

    Conclusion

    Whilst there is a longer list of cons for cold wallets, they are still highly recommended on the basis of significantly improved safety of funds.

    Numerous people have suffered from hacks and closures of exchanges. These victims have no way to get their funds back, or at best, it will take a very long time. For example, Mt. Gox exchange was hacked in 2011 and 2014. To date, none of its victims have gotten any of their stolen funds back.

    Meanwhile, hot wallets are very convenient — if you leave your funds on exchanges, you can trade with the click of a button.

    We recommend keeping small amounts of cryptocurrencies in hot wallets for day-to-day trading or spending only. Whilst the bulk of your cryptocurrencies should be kept in cold wallets. If you obtain any gains from trading, you should also consider how much you want to retain for further trading and immediately transfer the rest to cold wallets.

  • Coinbase Fees- How to avoid them

    Coinbase Fees- How to avoid them

    Coinbase, like most exchanges charges withdrawal fees. However there is a neat trick allows you to avoid withdrawal fees. Coinbase is the most popular cryptocurrency exchanges in the US and UK due to the ability to directly purchase cryptocurrencies with fiat, as well as being one of the few exchanges that allow US citizens to trade. Many not only use Coinbase to buy cryptocurrencies, but also to store their cryptocurrencies. So with frequent usage of the Exchange, withdrawal fees can certainly add up. (https://atelierdetroupe.com/) Here are some top tips and hacks to avoid or reduce Coinbase Fees.

    To find out more about the best Cryptocurrency Exchanges in our Guide.

    Reduce Coinbase Fees when sending Bitcoin

    Coinbase and Coinbase Pro (previously known as GDAX are two of the more popular platforms around the world where people can buy, sell, and trade cryptocurrencies. Coinbase and Coinbase Pro currently operate in the US, Europe, UK, Canada, Australia, and Singapore. Users can trade cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin.

    Name:
    Binance
    Ease of use:
    4.9 Star Rating
    Fees:
    4.5 Star Rating
    Rating:
    4.5 Star Rating
    Full Review:
    HERE
    Sign Up:
    HERE
    Name:
    Coinbase
    Ease of use:
    4.6 Star Rating
    Fees:
    3 Star Rating
    Rating:
    3.5 Star Rating
    Full Review:
    HERE
    Sign Up:
    HERE
    Name:
    Bybit
    Ease of use:
    4.8 Star Rating
    Fees:
    4.4 Star Rating
    Rating:
    4.5 Star Rating
    Full Review:
    HERE
    Sign Up:
    HERE
    Name:
    Phemex
    Ease of use:
    4 Star Rating
    Fees:
    4 Star Rating
    Rating:
    4.3 Star Rating
    Full Review:
    HERE
    Sign Up:
    HERE
    Name:
    OKX
    Ease of use:
    4.2 Star Rating
    Fees:
    4.1 Star Rating
    Rating:
    4.4 Star Rating
    Full Review:

    HERE

    Sign Up:
    HERE

    Coinbase vs Coinbase Pro: What are the differences?

    Coinbase and Coinbase Pro are actually two separate but related products. Coinbase was launched first in 2012 and aimed to provide a user friendly platform for people with no experience to buy and sell bitcoin through bank transfers. In 2015, with the growing interest and popularity in cryptocurrencies, the Company expanded to create Coinbase Exchange- a US based Bitcoin exchange to allow for Bitcoin and cryptocurrency trading. Because Coinbase Exchange was beyond the original scope for their more “casual” users, they decided to rebrand it to GDAX – Global Digital Asset Exchange (which is now known as Coinbase Pro).

    GDAX and Coinbase compared
    GDAX and Coinbase compared

    Coinbase – a place where customers can buy, sell, send, receive and store your cryptocurrencies.

    Coinbase Pro (formerly GDAX or Coinbase Exchange) – an exchange for professional traders. Aside from having the same functions as Coinbase, Coinbase pro also allows users to do the following:

    • Trade between different cryptocurrencies;
    • place market, limit and stop orders; and
    • have more detailed trading charts to analyse short term trends (e.g. order book, volume etc).

    Most importantly, Coinbase Pro has lower fees and in some limited transactions, zero fees.

    What are the fees on Coinbase and Coinbase Pro?

    Coinbase buy/sell transaction fees

    Coinbase has the most expensive fees compared to other what we consider as Tier 1 Cryptocurrency Exchanges. Coinbase charges a 0.50% fee for cryptocurrency purchases and sales. On top of this, Coinbase also charges a Coinbase Fee. The Coinbase Fee is the greater of (1) a flat fee depending on order size; (2) a variable percentage depending on your region and payment type.

    Here are the flat fees charged by Coinbase:

    Total Transaction Amount Transaction Fee (USD, EUR, GBP)
    Less than $10 $0.99, €0,99, ÂŁ0,99 
    More than $10, Less than $25 $1.49, â‚Ź1,49, ÂŁ1,49
    More than $25, Less than $50 $1.99, €1,99, £1,99
    More than $50, Less than $200 $2.99, €2,99, £2,99
    Flat fee

    Below is the variable percentage for users in the US. Check here for the variable percentages for other countries.

    US variable percentage
    US variable percentage

    Here’s an illustration of how to calculate your buy/sell transaction fee. For example, I’m in the United States and want to purchase USD $20 worth of Bitcoin using my debit card. My flat fee would be USD$1.49 because total transaction amount more than USD$10 but less than USD$25. Whilst the variable percentage would be 3.99% because I am paying with debit card. In this case, Coinbase would charge me USD1.49 because the flat fee is higher than the variable percentage.

    Coinbase crypto to crypto conversion fees

    For crypto to crypto conversions e.g. USDC to BTC, or BTC to ETH, Coinbase charges a spread margin of up to 2%. The exact margin would depend on the market fluctuations at the time.

    Coinbase Pro trading fees

    Coinbase Pro on the other hand operates on a maker-taker fee model. You would be considered a “taker” if you place an order at the market price, and this order is filled immediately. On the other hand, you are a “maker” if the order you placed is not immediately matched by an existing order. In the case where only part of your order is matched immediately, you would pay the taker fee for that portion only. You would then pay the maker fee for the remainder of the total order when it is matched.

    Coinbase Pro’s fees are charged as a percentage of the transaction in question. As to the percentage, it would depend on the total amount traded by users in 1 month as follows:

    Coinbase Pro trading fee
    Coinbase Pro trading fee

    Based on the above, for small volume users, e.g. those that trade less than USD$10,000 a month, their fees would be 0.50% of each transaction.

    Of course, one possible method to reduce trading fees is to work towards a higher tier by increasing your monthly trade volume. For example, if more than $10,000 USD is traded in a month, the Maker and Taker fees drop to 0.35%, this means 15% a reduction on trading fees.

    Coinbase hack: use Coinbase Pro (GDAX) to avoid withdrawal fees from Coinbase

    Coinbase withdrawal fees can be very high. When users withdraw their coins off the Coinbase platform, Coinbase will charge users a fee based on their estimation of the network transaction fees they anticipate they will pay. Coinbase has stated that in some circumstances, the fee that Coinbase pays may be different from the estimate. So there is a possibility that the estimated fee that users have to pay are HIGHER than the network transaction fee actually paid by Coinbase.

    However, there may be a way to avoid Coinbase withdrawal fees. According to Coinbase, they do not charge for transferring cryptocurrency from one Coinbase wallet to another. Since Coinbase and Coinbase Pro (GDAX) are owned by the same company, sending your funds from Coinbase to Coinbase Pro would be instant and free since it is a transfer from one Coinbase wallet to another.

    Coinbase Pro offers FREE withdrawal fees for Digital Assets like Bitcoin
    Coinbase Pro offers FREE withdrawal fees for Digital Assets like Bitcoin

    The key here is that Coinbase Pro does not charge any withdrawal fees. You can then send your cryptocurrencies from Coinbase Pro to any other wallet outside of the Coinbase platform without paying any network transfer fees.

    Withdraw in another cryptocurrency

    Bitcoin has the most expensive transfer fees on Coinbase. One way to reduce transfer fees is to exchange Bitcoin to another cryptocurrency such as Litecoin or Bitcoin Cash. These coins will be cheaper to transfer, and could be exchanged back to Bitcoin once the transfer is complete on the receiving exchange.

    Use another Exchange

    If Coinbase fees are too expensive for you, you can always use another exchange such as Binance or FTX Exchange. These exchanges offer more competitive withdraw rates and also have more types of cryptocurrency options. To find out more about the best Cryptocurrency Exchanges in our Guide.

    Is Coinbase expensive to use?

    Coinbase fees are in line with other cryptocurrency exchanges, with $2.99 being charged for transactions between $50-200 dollars. However for larger transactions, Coinbase charges a variable percentage fee of 1.49%. For anything over $10,000 USD, we recommend using Over The Counter (OTC) trading desks which are better at handling large volumes with more flexible rates. Here’s a list of the top 5 OTC desks.

    Further reading

    To learn more about Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies and how to get started, check out my course created in collaboration with Jeff Kirdeikis of Uptrennd- Bitcademy: Learn, Invest & Trade Bitcoin – In Under an Hour

    Disclaimer: Cryptocurrency trading involves significant risks and may result in the loss of your capital. You should carefully consider whether trading cryptocurrencies is right for you in light of your financial condition and ability to bear financial risks. Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate widely in a short period of time. As such, trading cryptocurrencies may not be suitable for everyone. Additionally, storing cryptocurrencies on a centralized exchange carries inherent risks, including the potential for loss due to hacking, exchange collapse, or other security breaches. We strongly advise that you seek independent professional advice before engaging in any cryptocurrency trading activities and carefully consider the security measures in place when choosing or storing your cryptocurrencies on a cryptocurrency exchange.

  • Private Keys: What are they and why are they important?

    Private Keys: What are they and why are they important?

    Private keys are made of numbers and letters, they are used to uniquely identify users which will allow them to perform secure transactions.

    A cryptocurrency private key uniquely identifies, authenticates, and grants you access to your account, enabling you to spend or send the cryptocurrencies in your wallet. This means that you will lose your assets if you lose your private key. Fortunately, there are methods to help store your private keys as will be seen later.

    Private Key vs Public Key- What’s the difference?

    Private keys are NOT public keys. A public key or address allows other users to identify you and your account during a transaction.

    By way of analogy, a public key is like a bank account number which others can know and they require it to transact with you. On the other hand, the private key is your PIN code which you need to access your bank account at the ATM. Only you should know that secret PIN code as anyone who knows it can withdraw funds from your account.

    To learn more about how this technology came about, check out my interview with one of the pioneers of public-key cryptography-Whitfield Diffie.

    Father of cryptography: Whitfield Diffie

    How are private keys generated? 

    The platform first generates a private key using random mathematical sequences. From there, the public key is generated.

    How do you access your cryptocurrency using a private key? 

    There are 2 ways to access your cryptocurrency once you have a cryptocurrency account and a private key:

    1. Vsit a reliable Digital Ledger Technology (DLT) website using your internet browser and log onto your account using your private key. The site will confirm that the account matches the private key and allow you to view and perform transactions online. However this method of directly logging in through a browser is inconvenient as you must input all the alphanumeric characters of your private key every time you wish to transact; or
    2. Use a cryptocurrency wallet. With this wallet, all your private keys will be stored and accessed with a simpler to master authentication phrase. The wallet will provide the private key when you make a transaction. There are several kinds of wallets which store your private and public keys, e.g. 

    •    Desktop wallet e.g. Exodus wallet

    •    Mobile wallets e.g. Enjin wallet

    •    Hardware wallet e.g. Ledger Nano X, Trezor Model T

    •    Software wallet e.g. Electrum wallet

    Cryptocurrency hardware wallets
    Cryptocurrency hardware wallets

    Speaking of wallets, you’ll also hear people mentioning “hot wallets” and “cold wallets”. It may sound confusing at first, but it simply refers to whether they are connected to the internet or not. Hot wallets are connected to the internet, whilst cold wallets are not.

    Click here to learn more about hot and cold wallets, and their pros and cons.

    What is a seed phrase / recovery phrase? What does it have to do with your private key?

    In our wallet setup tutorial videos you there will be a step where you need to write down and keep in safe custody a string of words. This is known as your seed phrase. The seed phrase is generally 12 or more English words which is used to encrypt your private key into an easier to understand format (i.e. instead of a string of letters and numbers). Therefore, anyone who has access to your seed phrase has access to your private key.

    How can I keep my seed phrase safe?

    Your seed phrase (or recovery phrase) is essentially your private key, but encrypted in an easier to understand format. Therefore it is crucial to keep it safe from hackers and thieves. Here’s some tips and tricks which you could consider to keep them safe.

    Recording your seed phrase:

    • Write down your private keys using pens with permanent ink and paper that would not smudge or cause ink to fade over time (e.g. paper which receipts are usually printed on).
    • Laminating the paper which your seed phrase is recorded on to avoid water damage.
    • Avoid the cards provided to you by the wallet manufacturers to write down your seed phrase i.e. do not use the recovery cards provided by say Ledger to record your Ledger seed phrase. This is to try and make it that much more difficult for thieves to piece the puzzle together.
    • There may be debate on this, but some have suggested to have more than 1 copy of the seed phrase in case it gets lost.
    • For those who are worried about using pen and paper. Some companies such as Cryptosteel which sells devices with metal tiles for you to record your recovery seed on.
    • Some have even come up with the idea of memorising the entire phrase themselves, or having their trusted friends and family to memorise several words each.

    Confirming your seed phrase: As a best practice, once you’ve copied down your seed phrase you should confirm the phrase with the following steps. Firstly to send a small amount of cryptocurrency to the public key that is generated, then to delete the account from your device. Finally to import your account to your device again. If you see the same amount of cryptocurrency in your device, then the seed phrase correctly corresponds to your account.

    Storing your seed phrase: if you have several copies of your seed phrase, you can store it in several discrete locations which are ideally safe from the elements and not obvious to find. Another best practice is also to keep your seed phrase in a separate location from your hardware wallet.

    Your seed/ recovery phrase gives you access to your private keys
    Your seed/ recovery phrase gives you access to your private keys

    What happens if you lose your private key? 

    If you lose your private key, you will not be able to access any funds in your account. Because of the secure nature and random mathematical sequences used to generate the private key, nobody will be able to recover your private key and consequently the cryptocurrencies.

    It is therefore advisable that you keep your private key very safely.  

    Using a cryptocurrency hardware wallet can prevent loss of your private key.

    When setting up the wallet and syncing with the accounts, users must set an 18 to 24-word recovery phrase. This recovery phrase is then used to restore your device and consequently your private key.  

    Cryptocurrency private keys and cybersecurity 

    Anyone that has access to your private key can access your funds. This is the same for the recovery phrase.

    Therefore, be careful not to reveal your private key to anyone. You should also be careful not to inadvertently give thieves access to your funds by saving your recovery phrase online or taking photos of it.

    To prevent theft, one option that some people use is to save the private key offline on a paper wallet. 

    Saving private key on paper wallet
    Some people print out their private keys on a piece of paper and keep it safe. This is known as a “paper wallet”

    Conclusion

    A cryptocurrency private key is a unique identifier that distinguishes your cryptocurrency account from others. It generates the public key that your trading partners will use to transact with you, and allows you to log in and transact with them.

    Therefore you should ensure your seed phrase/ recovery phrase and thus your private keys remain safe.

    Updated 30th March 2020: Added 2 new sections “What is a seed phrase / recovery phrase? What does it have to do with your private key?” and “How can I keep my seed phrase safe?”

  • Top 10 Best Ways to Keep Your Cryptocurrencies Safe

    Top 10 Best Ways to Keep Your Cryptocurrencies Safe

    In this article we give you the top 10 best ways to keep your cryptocurrencies safe.

    Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin is an exciting emerging field bringing new ways of understanding technology and value. The rewards from investing in cryptocurrencies can also be huge. Therefore, hackers and thieves are constantly stepping up their game. And when theft from a remote location is possible and tracking hackers are almost impossible, it is very easy to lose everything. Therefore, you have to always take vigilance in your hands.

    1. Understanding ownership of cryptocurrencies

    Ownership of cryptocurrencies is via holding a Private Key. Anyone with this Private Key is able to withdraw your cryptocurrencies, similar to someone knowing your PIN code for your bank account.

    With banks, if someone makes an unauthorised withdrawal from your bank account, you always can request your bank to reverse the transaction. This is not possible with cryptocurrency transactions which cannot cannot be cancelled or reversed.

    This makes it all the more important to keep your Private Key to yourself.

    Notably, many cryptocurrency holders store their cryptoassets on exchanges for trading. Some may also use online wallets for convenient storage and use. In these cases, the exchanges and wallets hold the Private Keys to your cryptocurrencies. Therefore, storing cryptocurrencies on exchanges and online wallets is essentially putting the security of your assets in the hands of third parties. Clearly, this is not something you would want to do.

    2. Be wary of phishing scams

    Phishing is malicious activity that involves deceptive emails or websites to solicit a user’s personal details. For example a phishing email disguised as a cryptocurrency exchange can direct you to a fake website and ask you to enter your login and password information.

    One way to protect yourself is obviously be wary of any emails asking for your login information or requesting you to login onto their website. Especially if you have not done anything that may trigger this e.g. requested to reset your password.

    As a good practice, you should also always check website security certificates on your email and any cryptocurrency exchanges you visit. But do note this is not 100% accurate.

    3. Protect Your PC or phone against malware

    Hackers can find ways to access your desktop wallet remotely using specialized malware. Therefore, always make sure your trading computer does not have any unknown programs.

    Antivirus programs can add an extra layer of protection.

    Some people may have phones or computers which they only use for trading or transacting with cryptocurrencies.

    4. Avoid using public Wi-Fi networks

    An additional measure to protect your computer is to avoid public Wi-Fi networks and especially accessing your cryptocurrency wallets or trading in public. These can be an avenue for foreign infiltration and theft of your cryptocurrencies.

    5. Use a hardware wallet

    Hardware wallets
    Hardware wallets

    Hardware wallets are external offline devices you can use to store your private keys and thus your cryptocurrencies. As they are offline, your cryptocurrencies will be protected against malware or viruses.

    They do cost money but it is worthwhile for the sake of the security of your cryptoassets.

    Examples of hardware wallets include the Ledger Nano X and the Trezor Model T. You can check out our Ledger Nano X review, or our Trezor Model T review for more information.

    6. Use a paper wallet (for those who are extra careful)

    Paper wallet example
    Paper wallet example

    Paper wallets are simply a piece of paper with your private and public keys printed on it. This paper wallet is kept in a safe location. For example, some people may store it in security deposit boxes or in a secure location at home.

    This is the safest way of keeping your cryptocurrencies safe, despite being the most rudimentary.

    7. Enable two-factor authentication (2FA)

    Google authenticator
    Google authenticator

    Two-factor authentication is when you enter 2 separate passwords to log in or to approve any withdrawals. The preferred methods are either by SMS or using Google Authenticator.

    SMS authentication is where in addition to entering your username and password, you also request an SMS be sent to you with a unique code to log in.

    However this method has been known to be vulnerable to SIM swap attacks. This is where hackers impersonate you to your telephone service provider and request a new SIM card. Therefore the requests for a SMS code will be sent directly to them.

    The preferred method for two-factor authentication is using Google Authenticator. This is where a unique string of 6 numbers are generated every 30 seconds. When logging in, you go to the Google Authenticator app and log in with the generated numbers before they expire.

    Most cryptocurrency traders enable two-factor authentication for any cryptocurrency exchanges they use, their online wallets (if any) and their email. The latter is because many cryptocurrency exchanges will send you a confirmation email to approve any withdrawals.

    8. If it’s too good to be true, it probably is

    The most common method for scammers to entice people is to feed upon people’s greed. Many scammers have websites or “exclusive” chat groups promising unreasonably high returns. These groups may require you to pay a membership fee to participate or to give them some of your cryptocurrencies so they can invest on your behalf.

    As mentioned earlier, cryptocurrency transactions are irreversible. So you are left with no recourse if you later change your mind. These scammers may also operate in different jurisdictions so you have very little chance of tracking or taking any legal action against them if their promises do not materialise.

    9. Keeping your information private

    How NOT to maintain your privacy
    How NOT to maintain your privacy

    Telling people how you store your cryptocurrencies or flaunting your wealth is the same as painting a target on your back. Whilst it is certainly wrong for hackers or scammers to steal from you, you do not want to expose yourself as a target.

    As mentioned before hackers can operate remotely. Therefore, taking a photograph of your private keys, login information or hardware wallet recovery phrase is essentially the same as posting a photograph of your credit card details online.

    Similarly, when setting up any cryptocurrency wallets or exchanges, or accessing or transacting with your cryptocurrencies, make sure you are in a safe location without any cameras around.

    10. Test send is your friend

    Cryptocurrency transactions are irreversible, so you need to be extra careful in making sure you are sending to the correct address. Here are 2 common pitfalls you will want to watch out for.

    The first pitfall is sending your cryptocurrency to an incompatible wallet. For example, you cannot send Ethereum to a Bitcoin address. Another example is for some exchanges like Binance, they have recently switched from Omni to ERC-20 for their Tether (USDT) address. So even if you are sending the same currency i.e. USDT, you need to make sure the address type is the same.

    The second pitfall is sending to the wrong address generally. Cryptocurrency addresses are long strings of digits which are case sensitive. So you should check every digit of the address before you press “send”.

    For extra security, some people may also request the recipient to send a voice message dictating the first and last few digits of the wallet address. This is to avoid hackers who have taken over either party’s devices and sent out their own wallet address instead of the recipient’s.

    Therefore to minimise losses, especially when sending large sums of cryptocurrencies, consider doing a test send with a small amount before sending the remainder of your coins.

    Conclusion

    Cryptocurrencies bring a shift in the way we hold and transact assets of substantial value. The power of being in full control of your digital assets undoubtedly comes with the duty to ensure their security. With cryptocurrencies, this duty falls squarely on the user. It may seem intimidating, but anyone can store, send and trade cryptocurrencies when armed with knowledge and exercise caution.

    With our top 10 best ways to keep your cryptocurrencies safe, you can be sure to navigate this space with confidence.

    Further reading

    Now that we’ve looked at the top 10 ways to keep your cryptocurrencies safe, we move on to cryptocurrency exchangees. Cryptocurrency exchanges are an inevitable aspect of being involved in the cryptocurrency space when we want to exchange between different types of coins. So be sure to check out our ranking of the top best cryptocurrency exchanges of 2019 here.

  • Secrets of “Darkpools” and unreported trade volume and Bitcoin OTC

    Secrets of “Darkpools” and unreported trade volume and Bitcoin OTC

    In Crypto, not all trade volumes are visible – in fact “Darkpools” account for a huge amount of crypto trading and has an enormous impact on cryptocurrency prices. Darkpools include peer-to-peer trading, such as on sites like localbitcoins.com and also Over the Counter (OTC) desks. The reason why it’s unreported is because deals are done privately, for example Peer-to-peer trading can be done in person and with cash, leaving virtually no trace of the transaction ever happening. Large volumes are also traded OTC – this is more organised as private buyers and sellers are matched, with some form of escrow to allow the transaction to take place. OTC desk sometimes even require minimum volumes, like $100,000+ USD to up to 1 Million.

    First things first. What’s an Over the Counter (OTC) desk?

    Traditionally, OTC desks facilitate trading of securities that are not listed on formal exchanges, e.g. the New York Stock Exchange.

    The trading of cryptocurrencies on OTC desks is similar to those in traditional markets.

    OTC desks have a network of buyers and sellers. The trades themselves are facilitated by OTC broker-dealer who will locate and negotiate directly with prospective buyers and sellers over computer networks or by phone.

    This is contrasted from trading over exchanges where the prices and order books are publicly available. For OTC desks, their broker-dealers will negotiate the trade price for you. Trades are also not publicly listed giving the parties privacy.

    Therefore, to fully understand what is going on in the cryptocurrency markets it is important to consider what is also happening at OTC desks. This is because large transactions happen on them on a daily basis.

    What does a trader at an OTC desk do?

    Traders at OTC desks are the broker-dealers mentioned above. Their role is to locate and match buyers and sellers, and negotiate the best deal for all the parties involved.

    Part 1: Crypto trading/ Market Manipulation/ OTC Markets

    Therefore, it is important for traders at OTC desks to have a keen eye on the cryptocurrency markets and be knowledgable of the market trends.

    I had the opportunity to interview Charles Yang, Head Trader at Genesis Block Hong Kong, an OTC desk. In my interviews we discuss what’s really happening at OTC desks away from the public eye. We also discuss his thoughts on the market sentiment.


    Is Tether Safe? Will Bitcoin & Ethereum Recover? 

    Secrets and Insights from an OTC Trader

    Here’s a summary of the key points from the interviews with Charles.

    There is still interest in cryptocurrencies

    Charles observes there is revived interest in cryptocurrencies despite this bear market.

    He notes that a lot of the customers from the OTC desk who were previously dormant have recently contacted them wanting to buy and sell cryptocurrencies.

    The risk of Tether is exaggerated

    Firstly, what is Tether? Refresh your memory with our Tether Explained guide below:

    We’ve seen in recent news that USDT is not fully backed by cash. Instead, Tether is around 75% backed by cash, and the remaining 25% by other securities or loans.

    Confused with what’s happening in this Tether scandal? Check out our video below which explains what is happening and the latest legal action surrounding Bitfinex.

    Despite this, there is still demand for USDT in Asian countries such as China, where they are buying USDT at a premium.

    This is because China bans cryptocurrency exchanges, so retail investors cannot buy cryptocurrencies such as BTC. What they do instead is they first buy USDT through peer to peer merchants, and then enter the cryptocurrency market at a later time when conditions are right. 

    Right now, Bitfinex who is being accused of “losing” customers funds is more at risk. Bitfinex will have to go bust first before people question USDT.

    Charles believes that fundamentally short trading would have less losses because if USDT is at 97% and your prediction is wrong, then your loss would only be 3%. Whereas the opposite would be to bet that it goes to 0.

    Mining is still profitable

    The recent “official news” in China was that cryptocurrency mining has been banned.

    Despite this ban, Bitmain is coming up with new models and generally summer is big for mining because electric costs falls.

    There may be miners who start accumulating and building to maximize their margins 

    Charles notes there is news that big players are scrambling to get cheap damaged mining rigs. They are not the newest models but there are still returns from using them to mine cryptocurrencies.

    So despite the official news about China banning mining the word on the street is that people are buying rigs and locking in contracts for the summer months.

    Simple guide to the aftermath of the Chinese Bitcoin mining ban

    Initial Exchange Offerings (IEOs) are risky, but need not be avoided completely

    If you participate and get allocation you would benefit. But ultimately it is the exchanges that benefit because you need to buy their token to participate.

    For example Binance requires you to buy into IEOs with their BNB token. Of course it’ll be great for you in the short term if you get allocation and the coin pumps. However your risk is that you would be left with the exchange token if you don’t manage to get any allocation after the lottery.

    IEOs are also highly volatile, especially immediately after listing

    It may be better to trade with OTC desks than exchanges

    Charles notices that there is quieter trade flow, so big players looking to buy or sell cryptocurrencies need to offer better prices. Therefore the margin between the buy and sell price is much less. Bigger players also can offer better quotes because of volume. Therefore it may be cheaper to trade with OTCs who deal exclusively with larger orders than exchanges.

    And whilst exchanges require you to have the funds ready at the time of transaction, OTC desks allow you to lock in the prices and settle later. This gives people more flexibility .

    However, depending on who you are, one upside or downside of OTCs is that they are not transparent. So while you can try to gauge whether there is a lot of trade flow through an OTC desk by reading their reports (if any), there is no way you can verify if they are being truthful. On the other hand you can conduct trades privately compared to on exchanges.

    What coins to hold? Bitcoin Bitcoin Bitcoin (BTC)

    Unlike other coins, Bitcoin (BTC) has a 10 year history. There is no founding team or leader. For this reason it is not affected by company politics and is the most decentralised.

    We can see the prices for a lot of tokens crash during the Initial Coin Offering (ICO) crash. Some may be due to the project running out of funds, failing to deliver on its promises or in worse cases the founders and key personnel leaving the project altogether. Studies were shown that over 80% of ICOs in 2017 were scams.

    I was standing in the same spot glued to my phone for 2 hours when this all went down.

    We also see that the ICO game was not fair, some people were able to purchase tokens for a more favourable rate or terms even before the token was listed to the public. This however would never happen with BTC.

    Is day trading profitable? No (sorry)

    For retail investors, day trading is not profitable even for traditional markets.

    This is because retail investors would be bogged down by trading fees, but not all trades are profitable.

    Retail investors are also unprotected from market manipulation. This is especially true for cryptocurrency investing, which is generally an unregulated space.

    Don’t do this

    Conclusion

    Ultimately, trading cryptocurrencies requires exercising caution and doing your own research. One can look at OTC desk reports to have a good grasp of what may be quietly happening with some big players, but at the end of the day, question everything. Also, whilst you may stand to gain several times your initial investment by going into highly volatile IEOs, bear in mind it is designed so that exchanges ultimately win. The most prudent thing to do is to never invest more than you can lose.

    Links

    Buy Bitcoin in Hong Kong – https://buybitcoinhongkong.com/

  • MimbleWimble complete Beginner’s Guide

    MimbleWimble complete Beginner’s Guide

    What is MimbleWimble

    While earlier blockchains such as Bitcoin did not account for privacy and scalability, new projects are addressing these very issues. One of the most revolutionary protocols right now is MimbleWimble. The protocol is gaining traction because of its ability to address privacy, scalability and fungibility. Currently coins that use this technology are Grin, Beam, Epic Cash and Litecoin is starting sidechain development.

    Why is Privacy important? Currently, when you use Bitcoin, that is, to send bitcoin, the receiver can extract unrelated transactional information. Because of this splitting transparency concession, privacy coins like Monero are increasingly becoming more popular thanks to their transaction obfuscating ability.

    MimbleWimble’s History

    The whitepaper for MimbleWimble was first published by Tom Elvis Jedusor, an alias name referenced from Harry Potter, in June 2016 but the mainnet is now live. What Elvis proposed was hiding senders and receivers addresses as well as the amount. This not only ensured privacy but also reduced block size to allow for more direct and efficient transactions while making the platform more scalable. Because of their proposal, Mimble Wimble’s white paper is popular with privacy coins enthusiasts.

    How does MimbleWimble Works

    MimbleWimble (MW) ensures that with all transactions, there are no addresses from where the amount is coming from and to whom it is going to. Furthermore, it hides the amount being transacted. Transactions are trivially aggregated to hide where a newly created transaction comes from. The transaction is relayed privately among peers before becoming public.

    Without an address it becomes impossible for any user to track a transaction. With other cryptocurrencies, to send or receive transactions, one must have an address. This addresses act as tags making it possible for the public to tack transactions, with MimbleWimble, this simply doesn’t exist because the address (tag) isn’t there.

    To hide transaction amounts, MimbleWimble has used EllipticCurve Cryptography (ECC) creating the underlying structure to eliminate inputs and outputs data. This essentially takes out your signature from transactions by combining the signature of the sender and the receiver to create a private address.

    However, using confidential transaction, the amount being transferred remains visible to the participants of the transaction.

    MimbleWimble goes further ensuring that not even your IP can be traced. If you send or receive amounts with a phone or laptop regularly, this phone or laptop can be identified and traced back to you. However, with a new privacy layer in the MimbleWimble protocol, there’s extra security preventing tracking.

    Grin’s Advantage over Other Privacy Coins

    By comparing it to one of the biggest privacy coins, Monero, it’s clear that Grin—which uses MW, is superior. Whereas Monero creates dummy transactions to hide the real transaction via ring signatures, Grin employ transactional output, a technique that makes it hard for UTXO tracking as well as cut-through transaction via Coinjoin to merge old transactions.

    Clearly, what Mimble Wimble brings to the fore is a technological breakthrough that has great implication for the entire ecosystem that would even changehow transactions are done. Its implementation means cryptocurrencies like Bitcoinwould be used on a day to day basis without compromise of privacy, scalability and fungibility via a simple hard fork.

    How to mine MimbleWimble Coins

    MimbleWimble coins can be mined using GPU and CPU hardware. To find out how to mine Epic Cash, check out our full Epic Cash Mining guide.

  • Blockchain Security: Hodlers Should Learn More About It

    Blockchain Security: Hodlers Should Learn More About It

    A Blockchain contains digitalized transaction “block” records where each block connects to a series of all the previous and future blocks. Although experts suggest that Blockchains are impenetrable, it does not elude the fact that hackers have found ways to paralyze impregnable walls. Therefore, security concerns continue to invade peoples mind. There exist various companies offering security services such as smart contract, penetration testing, and adequate knowledge regarding Blockchains. Many professionals advice interested parties to do thorough research and learn more about cryptocurrencies before joining the community. You can rely on the numerous training videos on YouTube or attend conferences. People and companies alike also need to understand Blockchain security from all angles.

    Security

    Individual curiosity is an integral part of understanding Blockchain security. You need a clear perception of who is in charge of your investment security and how third parties play their role. Note that, your CTO is not responsible for personal data protection. His/her area of expertise lies in scientific and technological issues within the organization like code and software development. Entrust your protection to a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) because their task is to provide adequate data and technology security.

    Their services cost a fortune but if you cannot afford one, hire a consultant to evaluate your security measures. He/she will pay attention to various areas of interests such as two-factor authentication and cyber-security employee policies. For instance, most hackers illegally penetrate corporate systems via email, instant messages, or promotion/reward links. Their aim usually entails stealing sensitive information like credit card details, passwords, and usernames. In short, everybody who uses the internet to transact is vulnerable to hackers.

    Every transaction follows a specific set of agreement for security purposes. Cryptocurrencies adopt smart contracts to control digital currency transfer through blockchain technology. The computer program eliminates the need for third parties because it digitally facilitates and negotiates terms. It is also a significant security protocol whose transactions can be tracked and reversed. Hackers operate using smart strategies like targeting both the top management and employees as well.

    Therefore, you should not solely rely on corporate protection especially if your passwords, username, and cell phone numbers are connected to your account or assets. It is extremely risky to expose your data through various devices to multiple platforms. Programmers across the world have developed security management apps like Dashlane to secure your passwords and wallets. Another alternative solution includes adopting a comprehensive multifactor authentication using launch keys. You can also apply the most recent security key development like Titan to verify login details over Bluetooth.

    The bottom line is that if you are currently in the cryptocurrency business (individually or as an organization), you are a target and so are your employees. Create different passwords for every account and enhance the verification process. Most importantly, do not trust anyone with your information and that includes private keys, passwords, username, etc. Blockchain agencies should consider training workers and extending useful solutions to hacking issues. The strategy strengthens not only personal security but also the entire corporation. Various costs are usually involved, and therefore, the relevant officers must create a budget to accommodate security changes.

    Regulations

    According to various sources, most people have yet to understand how cryptocurrencies work and their potential. Even after dominating the world news for a decade, over half the global population is unwilling to take risks. The industry is still young and expanding at best. Its high growth rate has triggered the need for regulations in various countries. Japan is among the first nations to legitimize cryptocurrencies followed by the United States. However, most governments issue notices about investing in the industry.

    The warnings pertain to risks involved especially since transacting organizations have no legal responsibilities to their clients. Some reports suggest that the electronic cash system creates a perfect atmosphere for terrorism and money laundering (due to anonymity). As such, several states have expanded laws on various criminal activities to include crypto markets. Others restrict crypto investments while nations like Nepal have banned all crypto activities altogether. In Qatar, citizens cannot operate locally, but they are at liberty to do so beyond the borders.

    Cryptocurrencies have also tapped into fundraising using Initial Coins Offering (ICO). However, most states regulate ICOs while others like China have completely banned them. Strict regulations have also discouraged people from investing, but most governments are working towards creating crypto-friendly regulatory systems that will attract investment and offer maximum protection to clients. Luxemburg and Cayman Island are among the nations that hardly view Blockchain technology as a threat. They aim to create their own cryptosystems including Venezuela and Marshall Island.

    Taxation, at its best, has yet to categorize cryptocurrencies and all its tax-worth activities. But different countries have adopted various references to regulate Blockchains by taxing them as assets, financial assets, foreign currency, income tax, etc. in the United Kingdom, crypto firms pay corporate tax, individuals pay capital gains tax, and unincorporated agencies pay income tax. The mining of cryptocurrencies is mostly affected by power taxation rules.

    The bottom line is that Blockchain security has unlimited options. Cryptocurrency companies can adopt smart contract auditing or hire consultants. (https://casadelninobilingual.com) More so, they should offer cybersecurity training to their staff and regulate internet access. Individuals, on the other hand, can maximize personal data protection through launch keys and two-factor authentication methods. Regulation-wise, governments are responsible in that, they can create crypto-friendly regulatory systems, impose the tax, or ban cryptocurrencies altogether.

  • Why is Bitcoin Valuable

    Why is Bitcoin Valuable

    Why does this have any value? It’s not backed by any goverment, and it’s not a physical commodity like gold where you can touch and feel it.

    It is Decentralized

    That means it is not backed by any government or central authority. For currencies like USD or the Euro they are backed by their respective government and groups of governments and with those goverments, there may be times of hardships. Hardships such as, but not limited to, war, famine, financial crisis, and natural disasters.

    It is a Store of Value

    When these difficulties hit, governments are usually tempted to just print out money. They might be needing that money because they are in debt or they need to fund a war. Printing more money increases it’s supply and this could ultimately lead to inflation.

    With bitcoin, there is a set maximum that can be created, and that is controlled by mathematics and computer code. Because there is a limit, it makes it a great store of value. You may have even heard of the term “digital gold” being used to refer to bitcoin.

    First movers advantage

    It is Secure

    Bitcoin can only be transferred by mathematics. It has to adhere to the programming code rather than people. We do know that people can sometimes be controlled or influenced by politics or other external pressures.

    As long as you are the only one in control of your private key, then your funds are safe. Someone cannot decide to suddenly lock up your account or freeze your funds.

    Transactions cannot be reversed

    when your bitcoins are sent, there’s no getting them back, unless the recipient returns them to you. They’re gone forever. This makes it difficult to commit the kind of fraud that we often see with credit cards, in which people make a purchase and then contact the credit card company to make a chargeback, effectively reversing the transaction.

    It is Convenient

    Earlier, when we talked about bitcoin being named as “digital gold”, we forgot to mention another advantage that is has. Since bitcoin is a digital currency, it has the benefits of gold without the drawbacks.

    Gold can be heavy and bulky, and thus hard to transport. You also need a secure place to physical store it. Since bitcoin is all digital, the cost of sending it doesn’t change no matter where you are. The amount of time it takes and how much it costs is the same whether you’re sending it to someone next to you or halfway across the world.

    It’s cheaper compared to bank transfers or international money transfers. The fees are a lot lower. Also, if you’ve ever tried to transfer money overseas, you know that it can take days. With bitcoin it is much faster – you can send money anywhere and it will arrive minutes later, as soon as the bitcoin network processes the payment.

  • Bitcoin Fees

    Bitcoin Fees

    What are Bitcoin Fees

    Bitcoin Transactions are not free, every single bitcoin transfer must include a fee. Here are some facts about Bitcoin Fees:

    • Fees are necessary  – Every Bitcoin Transaction is charged a fee. There is no standard price. Instead the fees are like a tip, the more you pay the faster the transaction is approved.
    • Higher Fees mean faster transactions –  Bitcoin transactions are not instant. Simply said, the more fees you pay, the faster the transaction is processed.
    • Fees are paid by the Sender – The receiver does not have to pay any fees.

    A generous tip (currently around $1 USD) will allow the transaction to be almost instantaneous (10 min) whilst modest tip ($0.05) incur a 10 hour wait time.  In fact, if no tips are included in a bitcoin transaction the transaction time may be infinite! Bitcoin transactions could be considered almost like a ‘tip’.

    Do large transactions mean large fees:

    In short: No. A common misconception is that the more bitcoins are transferred, the greater the fees that are needed. This however is not true, the amount of bitcoin fees that should be included depends on the amount of information relayed by the network. This means accounts with lots of small inputs would need more fees to transfer money out.

    The Valor Bet Online Casino App is revolutionizing the way players engage with their favorite casino games right from their mobile devices. With a user-friendly interface and smooth navigation, the app offers a wide variety of games, including slots, poker, and table games, ensuring that there’s something for everyone. Whether you’re a seasoned gambler or a casual player, the app provides an immersive experience with high-quality graphics and exciting gameplay features.

    One of the standout aspects of the Valor Bet Online Casino App is its integration of advanced security measures. Players can enjoy their gaming experience with peace of mind, knowing that their personal and financial information is protected at all times. Additionally, the app frequently updates its game offerings, introducing new titles and promotions that keep the experience fresh and engaging.

    To learn more about the exciting features of the Valor Bet Online Casino App, you can visit https://seahawkmedia.in/. Dive into the world of online gaming with Valor Bet, where thrilling entertainment is just a tap away!

    Cloud Mining generates tons of transaction fees

    One major downside of cloud mining is that the mined bitcoins will cost a LOT of transaction fees. This is because a lot of cloud miners (eg. genesis-mining) will give daily payouts. This means that you wallet will be filled with a lot of small transactions. Whilst this might seem like not a bit deal, when you try to send money out of the wallet the fee for the transaction might be up to 20% of the transferred amount!

    This is because bitcoin transaction fees are based on the number of inputs the wallet has. Because there are daily cloud mining payouts, the number of inputs in the wallet will be extremely high.

  • Segwit in Easy to Understand Terms

    Segwit in Easy to Understand Terms

    Now that Segwit has been locked in for Litecoin. it’s about time to take a closer look at what Segwit is and how it improves Litecoin. Here is a very brief introduction of what Segwit – it is please forgive me if it’s a little bit too simplistic but I want to try to summarize it in very easy to understand terms.

    RTbet Casino has rapidly gained popularity in Australia, offering a thrilling online gaming experience tailored for Australian players. With a sleek and user-friendly interface, RTbet Casino provides a wide range of games, including classic slots, table games, and live dealer options that enhance the excitement of playing from home.

    One of the standout features of RTbet Casino is its generous welcome bonus and ongoing promotions, which attract both new and experienced players. The casino also prioritizes player safety and security, utilizing advanced encryption technology to ensure that personal and financial information remains protected at all times.

    For those looking to explore their offerings, you can visit their official site at https://rtbet-casino.games/. The site is designed with mobile compatibility in mind, allowing players to enjoy their favorite games on the go. Additionally, RTbet Casino offers reliable customer support, ensuring that any questions or concerns are promptly addressed. Overall, RTbet Casino is an excellent choice for Australian gaming enthusiasts seeking a reputable and entertaining online casino experience.

    What is Segwit?

    If you consider of Bitcoin miners as accountants that process all the transactions that happen on the network and bundles them up into a ledger called the blockchain. Then the Segwit is a change to the ledger.  Think of it as a tax form.  It’s the act of removing of a signature from the form and placing it into a separate form. That’s all it is. Segregation of witness – the removal the signature on a form and placing it elsewhere. By taking out the signature, you create additional room on the ledger to fit more transactions.

    Why Adopt Segwit?

    Segwit is vital for the Bitcoin network where transactions are taking a long time because there isn’t enough room on each ledger (block) to place all the transactions. Litecoin doesn’t have this problem. Instead, Segwit was adopted to allow for technologies such as the Lightning Network.

    Segwit is a technological upgrade, and I can see why miners will go crazy over this. Especially when miners are the ones who decide to adopt this or not. Consider like an association of tax accounts trying to approve a new form. Accountants don’t like each other already, and they must all agree on a substantial change to a tax form. It turns out for Litecoin it was possible to persuade the miners to agree with each other, whilst for Bitcoin, it’s not yet possible as there is much more drama.

    The Post-Segwit World

    Now that Segwit is locked in for Litecoin, there are substantial changes in currency price (generally in the upward direction). Of course, must take this with a slight grain of salt. Litecoin prices are susceptible to financial manipulations such as the good old pump and dump.  Litcoin is getting a lot of media attention. This means there will be a lot of new investors that still don’t understand the consequences of Segwit or how Lightning Networks work. Some will overvalue it while others are indifferent. The most important thing is to understand what Segwit is and learn more about the Lightning Network.