Tag: optimism

  • Arbitrum ($ARB) Token Airdrop: Arbitrum Odyssey how to guide

    Arbitrum ($ARB) Token Airdrop: Arbitrum Odyssey how to guide

    Arbitrum will airdrop over 1 billion $ARB tokens to its protocol users on March 23, 2023. The snapshot was taken in February, and at least three criteria must be met to qualify for the airdrop. Find out if you’re eligible and how to claim your Arbitrum token airdrop below.

    Check out our LayerZero Airdrop Guide for another highly anticipated token airdrop.

    Arbitrum ($ARB) Airdrop Step-by-step Guide

    Here’s how you can potentially claim your $ARB tokens faster and buy, sell, or trade your $ARB before everyone else:

    1. Make your own RPC endpoint on Alchemy.
    2. Pre-approve the token contract.
    3. Have sufficient ETH ready.
    4. Know where to trade $ARB.

    See below for more details.

    What is Arbitrum?

    Arbitrum is a layer-2 scaling solution designed to lower network congestion and transaction costs of Ethereum by offloading tons of computation and data storage from the main chain. It does this via the use of optimistic rollup — transactions on Ethereum are bundled up and transferred to a proprietary sidechain on Arbitrum (a secondary blockchain connected to the main chain). The transactions are then processed and sent back to the main chain after validation.

    source: ethereum.org

    What is an Optimistic Rollup?

    The optimistic rollup is the core element of Arbitrum. For those who do not know what an optimistic rollup is, we got you covered with a simple explanation.

    Optimistic rollups assume all transactions as valid, hence an “optimistic” outlook. There is a time period during which users can dispute any suspicious transactions contained in a bundle. If a fraudulent transaction is detected, a fraud proof is executed which basically runs the correct transaction computation using the data on the main chain.

    Since optimistic rollups do not perform any computation by default, it offers massive improvements in scalability. On the downside, potential fraud challenges of optimistic rollups could lead to delays in transactions, since progress comes to a halt until it the dispute is resolved.

    Arbitrum’s Version of Optimistic Rollup

    To provide context, optimistic rollups are compatible with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and Solidity, which allow developers to port Ethereum-native smart contracts to rollups or even use existing tooling to create new decentralized applications (DApp). But for Arbitrum, it has its own virtual machine called Arbitrum Virtual Machine (AVM).

    Arbitrum’s AVM greatly improves optimistic rollups because it stores very little data on-chain for optimal scalability. Moreover, to address potential delays due to fraud challenges, the AVM uses pipelining to process multiple disputes, while verification nodes help speed up the process.

    This is called multi-round fraud proofs. Arbitrum uses a fine-combing approach to verify fraud proofs. It focuses on a particular point of disagreement over transaction history. Additionally, layer-2 transactions are not entirely executed on the main chain, rendering gas block limits irrelevant. As a result, this translates to higher network performance.

    Who is the Team behind Arbitrum?

    Arbitrum is developed by Offchain Labs, a New York-based startup committed to building innovative Ethereum scaling solutions. The company originated from the computer science research department of Princeton University, co-founded in 2018 by Harry Kalodner, Steven Goldfeder, and Ed Felten.

    In September 2021, Offchain Labs raised $120 million in a Series B funding round from the likes of Alameda Research, Pantera Capital, Lightspeed Venture Partners, and many other major crypto venture capitals. The team has since then expanded to a global community of developers, academics and operators, with deep experience in cryptography, decentralized systems, and game theory.

    Leading DApps on Arbitrum Ecosystem

    Arbitrum’s layer-2 network allows developers to build and deploy highly scalable smart contracts at low cost, while benefitting from Ethereum’s robust layer-one security. Since its launch last year, the Arbitrum ecosystem has greatly expanded, ranking 6th in all chains total value locked with 129 integrated protocols.

    source: news.cryptorank.io/

    Some of the top decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols include Uniswap, Curve, Aave, Balancer, and SushiSwap. Additionally, Arbitrum is not without its native protocols built on the blockchain which include GMX, Radiant, Dopex, and Vesta Finance.

    $ARB Token

    $ARB will solely function as a governance tool for the Arbitrum protocol, unlike ETH which is used to pay fees on both Ethereum and Arbitrum. The governance process of Arbitrum DAO will be autonomous, allowing votes to directly modify the core code of Arbitrum.

    The total supply will be 10 billion, with the Arbitrum community controlling 56%. The airdrop will distribute 12.75% (i.e. 1.275 billion $ARB) to eligible users on 23rd March 2023. The rest of the community tokens will be allocated to a treasury governed by the Arbitrum DAO, allowing ARB holders to vote on fund disbursement.

    The remaining 44% will be given to Offchain Labs’ investors and employees, who developed Arbitrum. These tokens will be subject to lock-up periods and vesting schedules. Notably, the proportion of ARB reserved for insiders is higher compared to similar projects, such as Optimism, which allocated 36% of its OP tokens to investors and core contributors.

    $ARB Airdrop Eligibility: How to claim Arbitrum $ARB token airdrop

    According to Nansen, 625,143 wallet addresses are eligible for the Arbiturm $ARB token airdrop. You can check on arbitrum.foundation to see if you are eligible. If you are eligible, Arbitrum will directly airdrop to your wallet on 23rd March 2023. There are 6 airdrop criteria, and at least 3 must be met based on a snapshot taken on 6th February 2023 in order to qualify for the airdrop:

    1. Bridge to Arbitrum

      Bridged assets into Arbitrum One or Arbitrum Nova.

    2. Transactions Over Time

      Conduct transactions at least 2 months prior to the snapshot taken in February. The longer the timeframe, the more tokens you will receive.

    3. Transaction Frequency and Interaction

      Conduct more than 4 transactions or interact with more than 4 smart contracts. The higher the number, the more tokens you will receive.

    4. Transaction Value

      Conduct transactions with more than $10,000 in aggregate value. The higher the value, the more tokens you will receive.

    5. Assets Bridged to Arbitrum One

      Deposit more than $10,000 worth of assets to Arbitrum One. The more assets you deposit, the more tokens you will receive.

    6. Activity on Arbitrum Nova

      Conduct more than 3 transactions on Arbitrum Nova. The more transactions are carried out, the more tokens you will receive.

    How to claim Arbitrum ($ARB) token faster?

    Arbitrum has confirmed its airdrop can be claimed on 23rd March 2023 when the Ethereum chain reaches block 16890400. It is very likely that the Arbitrum network will be very congested during that time as users are anxiously waiting to get their tokens to potentially trade on exchanges. However, there are ways to be faster at the Arbitrum airdrop claim, and how to buy, sell or trade your $ARB before anyone else. Note however this carries risks. You may risk ending up being slower than others, lose your gas fees and even your $ARB, so proceed with caution. Here’s how you can potentially claim your $ARB tokens faster and buy, sell, or trade your $ARB before others:

    1. Make your own RPC endpoint on Alchemy.
    2. Pre-approve the token contract.
    3. Have sufficient ETH ready.
    4. Know where to trade $ARB.

    Make your own RPC endpoint on Alchemy

    Here’s how to make your own RPC endpoint on Alchemy:

    1. Sign up for Alchemy here.
    2. Create an app for Arbitrum. Make sure you select “Arbitrum” under “Chain”.
    3. Click “View Key” on the main page. There, you will get an RPC https URL.
    4. Add a network on MetaMask. Go to “Settings”, “Networks”, “Add network” and “Add network manually”. Under “New RPC URL”, enter the RPC https URL from Alchemy. Then under “Chain ID” enter 42161, “ETH” as the Currency Symbol, and “https://arbiscan.io” under Block Explorer.

    Pre-approve the token contract

    To be even faster than everyone else in claiming $ARB, you can pre-approve the Arbitrum token contract on protocols such as 1inch and Uniswap. To do this, go to the $ARB smart contract and click “Write as Proxy”. Then, connect your wallet. Under spender, fill in the address for either Uniswap or 1inch. Finally, fill in the number of $ARB you want to trade with that smart contract. For example, filling in 20000000000000000000000 will mean you are approving 20,000 $ARB to be traded.

    Have sufficient ETH ready

    This is to pay for gas fees when trading $ARB. Note you will have to bridge your ETH to Arbitrum.

    Know where to trade $ARB

    These exchanges have confirmed they will offer trading for $ARB:

    • ByBit (Sign up here!)
    • Binance
    • Bitfinex
    • Kucoin
    • OKX
    • Bitmart
    • Bitfinex
    • Huobi
    • Bitget
    • Bitrue
    • Gate.io
    • MEXC

    Will there be another Arbitrum $ARB token airdrop?

    Arbitrum’s latest Tweet announces a return of the Arbitrum Odessey. The Arbitrum Odessey was a 7 week journey filled with tasks to complete in order to obtain badges. These badges are NFTs which may lead to future rewards.

    The upcoming round of Arbitrum Odyssey will begin on 26th September at 12:00pm EDT.

    Arbitrum Odyssey: How to guide

    The Arbitrum Odyssey is a new round of activites involving the Arbitrum ecosystem and a chance to collect custom badges starting on 26th September at 12:00pm EDT. There is speculation that participating in this 7-week journey may result in a potential airdrop as a reward. Here’s our ultimate how to guide to completing the tasks on the Arbitrum Odyssey.

    Week 1- Enter the Odyssey

    Go to the Arbitrum Galxe Page and complete any of the following tasks in their list. Then, mint your Enter The Odyssey NFT.

    Week 2- Signs of Life

    Here’s our how to guide for completing the tasks on week 2 of the Abritrum Odyssey

    • Complete tasks on Tofu NFT Galxe page. This includes following their Twitter and selling/buying an NFT on their platform.
    • To sell/buy an NFT on Tofu NFT, go to https://tofunft.com/arbi and connect your wallet. Scroll down to “Discover” and apply the following search filters: Type- Fixed price, Sort- Price: Low to High. Buy the cheapest NFT or list some NFTs for sale.
    • Mint your Signs of Life NFT.
    • Complete Pulsar in the Distance task on Galxe. Connect your wallet to Abroad Exchange. Deposit funds by clicking on the top right-hand corner and “Deposit”. Then, make a perpetual trade on Abroad Exchange. Be careful when trading because you may be at risk of liquidation, and you will be using real funds! Mint your Pulsar in the Distance NFT.

    Week 3- Pulsar in the Distance

    Here’s our how to guide for completing the tasks on week 3 of the Abritrum Odyssey

    Go to Abroad Exchange and deposit funds on the exchange. Then, make a perpetual trade. Note that you will be using actual funds for this. Finally, return to their Galxe page and mint your NFT.

    Arbitrum Airdrop Review

    When reviewing an airdrop, there are several factors to consider. First, the likelihood the project will even do an airdrop in the first place. Then, to look at how many tokens the project intends to allocate towards airdrop campaigns, as well as the difficulty in participating in their airdrop. It is also important to look at the utility of the token so that there will be an actual use and purpose in participating in the airdrop in the first place. Finally, a factor to consider when reviewing an airdrop is whether the airdropped tokens are subject to any lockup period.

    Likelihood of Airdrop: Arbitrum will airdrop $ARB to eligible users on 23rd March 2023.

    Airdropped Token Allocation: 1.275 billion $ARB (12.75% of the total token supply) will be distributed in this airdrop.

    Airdrop Difficulty: The criteria listed are fairly easy to complete.

    Token Utility: The token will solely function as a governance tool for the Arbitrum protocol.

    Token Lockup: 44% of the tokens allocated to the team and investors are subject to a 4-year lockup.

    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

    What is Arbitrum?

    Arbitrum is a layer-2 scaling solution. It aims to reduce Ethereum’s network congestion and transaction costs. Arbitrum does this by offloading computation and data storage from the main chain.

    When is the Arbitrum token launch?

    The Arbitrum token was launched on 23rd March 2023.

    How do I claim Arbitrum ($ARB) tokens?

    Arbitrum will airdrop $ARB tokens directly to your eligible wallet address via MetaMask, Trust Wallet, Coinbase Wallet, Brave or Ledger.

    How to be eligible for the Arbitrum ($ARB) airdrop?

    There are 6 airdrop criteria, and you must meet at least 3 to qualify for the airdrop: (1) bridged to Arbitrum One or Arbitrum Nova, (2) conduct transactions at least two months before the snapshot in February, (3) conduct at least 4 transactions or interact with at least 4 smart contracts, (4) conduct transactions with at least $10,000 in aggregate value, (5) deposit at least $10,000 on Arbitrum One, (6) conduct at least 3 transactions on Arbitrum Nova.

    How do I check if I am eligible for the Arbitrum ($ARB) airdrop?

    To check your eligibility, go to arbitrum.foundation and connect your wallet. Then click “Check eligibility”.

    When can I claim the Arbitrum $ARB token airdrop?

    the $ARB token airdrop can be claimed on 23rd March 2023 when the Ethereum chain reaches block 16890400

    What is the fastest way to claim the Arbitrum $ARB token airdrop?

    Here’s how you can potentially claim your $ARB tokens faster and buy, sell, or trade your $ARB before others:
    1. Make your own RPC endpoint on Alchemy.
    2. Pre-approve the contract.
    3. Have sufficient ETH ready.
    4. Know where to trade $ARB.

    Note however this carries risks. You may risk ending up being slower than others, lose your gas fees and even your $ARB, so proceed with caution.

    Where can I buy Arbitrum token?

    You can buy, sell or trade the Arbitrum token on following cryptocurrency exchanges: ByBit (Sign up here!), Binance, Bitfinex, Kucoin, OKX, Bitmart, Bitfinex, Huobi, Bitget, Bitrue, Gate.io, MEXC.

    What is the Arbitrum token price?

    As of 24th March 2023, Arbitrum token price is US$1.40. Its all-time high price was US$8.67, and an all-time low of US$1.11.

    What is the Arbitrum token contract?

    The Arbitrum token contract is: 0x912ce59144191c1204e64559fe8253a0e49e6548

  • Polynomial Protocol $OP Token Airdrop Guide: LIVE NOW!

    Polynomial Protocol $OP Token Airdrop Guide: LIVE NOW!

    Polynomial Protocol is a decentralized derivative exchange powered by the Synthetix Protocol on Optimism. They have distributed Optimism ($OP) airdrops to active users in the past and could do so again. In this article, we will briefly explain what Polynomial Protocol is and what you can do to position yourself for the retroactive airdrop.

    What is Polynomial Protocol?

    Polynomial Protocol is built on top of Synthetix, with $SNX stakers serving as counterparties for transactions on Polynomial. By offering liquidity, $SNX stakers receive fees from the platform. Apart from trading, Polynomial offers two more products to make DeFi more accessible to users:

    1. Polynomial Earn Vaults: These are the first DeFi Options Vaults (DOV) that operate entirely on-chain by selling options directly to an Automated Market Maker (AMM).
    2. Polynomial Swap: This product streamlines the swapping process on Optimism, particularly for synthetic assets. Non-synthetic assets are routed through 1inch to ensure a seamless experience.

    Does Polynomial Protocol have a Token?

    Salman Naseer, founder of Polynomial Protocol, said in Discord that they are not planning a token launch at the moment. In the meantime, active users can only claim Optimism ($OP) tokens as rewards.

    How to Get Retroactive $OP Airdrop on Polynomial?

    The best chance to get another retroactive $OP airdrop is to interact with the Polynomial Trade, Earn, and Swap features. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

    1. Connect Your Wallet to Polynomial Protocol

      Connect your MetaMask or other supported wallets to the Polynomial Protocol trading app. The available networks are Optimism and Ethereum.

    2. Create Polynomial Smart Wallet

      After you connected your wallet, you will need to create a Polynomial smart contract wallet. For this part, you also need some ETH to cover gas fees.

    3. Deposit sUSD in Smart Wallet

      After creating your smart wallet, you will need to deposit at least $50 sUSD to start trading. You can use the swap feature to get sUSD.

      If you don’t have funds in Optimism, you can bridge your assets via the MetaMask bridge aggregator (this could also qualify you for the $MASK airdrop). You can also buy sUSD on KuCoin and transfer them to your Optimism wallet.

    4. Trade Perpetual Futures

      You can now trade perpetual futures on the platform. Polynomial has a detailed guide on how to open up standard orders or limit orders for long and short positions.

    5. Use Earn Vaults

      You can deposit sETH or sUSD to earn yields in the Polynomial Earn Vaults. It is important to note that these vault strategies are subject to market risks. Check out their earn documents to understand more.

    Airdrop Review

    When reviewing an airdrop, there are several factors to consider. First, the likelihood the project will even do an airdrop in the first place. Then, to look at how many tokens the project intends to allocate towards airdrop campaigns, as well as the difficulty in participating in their airdrop. It is also important to look at the utility of the token so that there will be an actual use and purpose in participating in the airdrop in the first place. Finally, a factor to consider when reviewing an airdrop is whether the airdropped tokens are subject to any lockup period.

    Likelihood of Airdrop: There is no official announcement of the next retroactive $OP airdrop yet. But Polynomial is growing, so there is a good chance there will be another incentive for the community.

    Airdropped Token Allocation: The airdropped token allocation is unknown.

    Airdrop Difficulty: The trading platform offers a user-friendly interface and operates on the Optimism mainnet. As with any investment, it is advised to only use funds that one is prepared to risk.

    Token Utility: Polynomial has no plans to launch its own token yet.

    Token Lockup: Polynomial has no plans to launch its own token yet.

  • Understanding Layer 2 & Scaling Solutions: Arbitrum, Boba, Optimism, Polygon, Ethereum 2.0

    Understanding Layer 2 & Scaling Solutions: Arbitrum, Boba, Optimism, Polygon, Ethereum 2.0

    One of the core problems with the Ethereum network today is scalability. As more and more decentralized apps (dApps) are built on the network, the number of users and transactions increases. This has slowed down the speed of transactions and driven up the cost of using the network, creating the need for scaling solutions.

    At its full capacity, the Ethereum network is only able to process 15 transactions per second. To put Ethereum’s scaling limits into perspective, consider that Visa handles around 1,700 transactions per second on average. Therefore, increasing the network capacity in terms of speed and throughput is fundamental to the meaningful and mass adoption of Ethereum.

    There are multiple solutions being researched, tested and implemented that take different approaches to achieve similar goals. Two solutions that we will explore in this article are known as sidechains and optimistic rollups.

    Check out our explainer video on layer 2 solutions such as Arbitrum, Boba, Optimism, and Ethereum 2.0

    Layer 2 solutions explained (Arbitrum, Boba, Optimism, Ethereum 2.0)

    What is Layer 2 and How Does it Work?

    The Ethereum main chain is known as Layer 1. Layer 1 applications and smart contracts interact directly with the native chain. Layer 2 refers to a series of different protocols that facilitate the creation of smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps) on top of the core Ethereum blockchain.

    Operating on Layer 2 frees up Layer 1 by taking transactions off the main chain, offloading it to Layer 2, enabling them to interact, and then recording the remainder of the whole transactions back to Layer 1. Due to transactions being processed off-chain on Layer 2, Ethereum benefits from higher transaction processing capacity, faster confirmation times, and lower gas fees. 

    In fact, many believe that Layer 2 solutions will be how Ethereum wins over mainstream users. It is estimated that 2,000 – 4,000 transactions per second can be processed in Layer 2, which is already in line with Visa’s processing capabilities. By combining the scaling of Layer 1 with Ethereum 2.0 and Layer 2, Ethereum is set to obtain a powerful economic bandwidth.

    Sidechains: Polygon Network

    Sidechains are a Layer 2 solution utilizing separate blockchains that run in parallel to the Ethereum main chain but operate independently, hence increasing its scalability. 

    Polygon is the most popular sidechain that aims to scale Ethereum by building and connecting Ethereum-compatible blockchain networks. Polygon operates on its own consensus mechanism and also has its own native token known as $MATIC.

    Because sidechains run on a separate blockchain, they do not inherit the security of Layer 1. If a sidechain is hacked or compromised, the damage will be contained within that chain and will not affect the main chain. Conversely, should the main chain become compromised, the sidechain can still operate.

    Sidechains also provide room for a lot of flexibility, allowing developers to experiment with new features or software updates before pushing them onto the main chain.

    Rollups Explained: Optimistic Rollups & Zero Knowledge Rollups

    Rollups are another Layer 2 solution intended to solve Ethereum’s scalability and complement the network. Rollups interact with the main chain, therefore inheriting Layer 1’s security features as well as its secure consensus mechanism. The term ‘rollup’ refers to the way that the chain bundles many transactions to be submitted to the main chain.

    Because rollups use smart contracts that reside within Ethereum, they do not require a native token like Polygon, but instead use $ETH as their currency. Rollups seem to be the most sound scaling solution for Ethereum as it does not compromise the security and sovereignty of Layer 1.

    There are basically two types of rollups: Optimistic Rollups and Zero Knowledge Rollups (ZK Rollups). Both aim to scale Ethereum by processing transactions on Layer 2 before submitting the results back to Ethereum. However, the difference is in how they validate transactions. 

    In simple terms, Optimistic Rollups assume that transactions are valid — hence an optimistic outlook. However, it also allows what are called “watchers” to call out fraudulent transactions since blockchain is transparent and public. If a watcher proves instances of fraud, the transaction is reverted, the bad actor penalized, and the watcher rewarded to incentivize them.

    On the other hand, Zero Knowledge Rollups attempt to prove that transactions are valid. They do so by submitting validity proof to an Ethereum smart contract along with the bundled transactions.

    Optimistic Rollups are currently the more popular option, so let us look at some projects that have adopted this mechanism. These projects are Arbitrum, Boba, and Optimism.

    Optimistic Rollups: Arbitrum, Boba & Optimism

    Arbitrum, Boba and Optimism are 3 projects which have the same goals of scaling Ethereum and reducing gas fees. All of these Layer 2 projects are competing with one another to be the best network. Therefore, each project offers different features to stand out from the others.

    • Arbitrum describes itself as a Layer 2 solution designed to improve the capabilities of Ethereum smart contracts — boosting their speed and scalability while adding additional privacy features to boot. Arbitrum is, according to the team, around 90-95% cheaper than Ethereum. And with their Nitro being launched soon, they expect costs to be cut even further.
    • Optimism is an EVM-compatible Optimistic Rollup chain designed to be fast, simple, and secure. Optimism pledges to uphold the values of Ethereum by producing infrastructure that promotes the growth and sustainability of public goods.
    • Boba Network is a next-generation Layer 2 scaling solution that reduces gas fees, improves transaction throughput, and extends the capabilities of smart contracts, shrinking the Optimistic Rollup exit period from seven days to only a few minutes, while giving liquidity pools (LPs) incentivized yield farming opportunities.

    Arbitrum’s fraud proofs seek to find the particular point of disagreement over transaction history. In contrast, Optimism’s tech looks at fraud a bit more holistically. And this means that Arbitrum has a higher transaction capacity equating to higher performance.

    Optimistic Rollups have a time period in which users can dispute transactions and call fraud. Both Arbitrum and Optimism allow one week for that dispute period, which means that transactions in a bundle under suspicion can be held in limbo for one week before they are verified and released. This is where Boba comes in as a serious player. 

    Instead of having funds locked for several days, Boba’s solution brings the dispute period down to only a few minutes. It also provides incentivized yield farming opportunities, both serving as very attractive features in comparison to its competitors. 

    Will Ethereum 2.0 Make Layer 2 Solutions Irrelevant?

    Ethereum 2.0 is regarded as the long-term solution that can bring speed, efficiency, and scalability to the Ethereum network. The long awaited upgrade will move the network from a Proof-of-Work consensus to a Proof-of-Stake consensus, a much more energy efficient method of maintaining the network that uses validators instead of miners.

    Ethereum 2.0 is currently slowly being released in different phases and will ultimately speed up transactions as well as drastically reduce the cost of gas fees. That brings up the question: Will Ethereum 2.0 make all these Layer 2 solutions irrelevant?

    While there are many different opinions and discussions surrounding this topic, however, we think that all of these solutions can coexist and benefit the network as well as its economy.

    This is because despite the upgrade, Ethereum 2.0 may still not be able to handle the amount of transactions per second required for widespread adoption. The impressive capabilities of Layer 2 solutions could eradicate Ethereum’s scalability issues for good, allowing the network to improve other aspects and prevent congestion on the main chain.

    Final Thoughts: Why Are So Many Solutions Needed?

    There is no debate that Ethereum has a stronghold over developer mindshare. It is the first network that enabled developers to build truly unstoppable decentralized applications with global distribution from day one. But competition is coming fast, and as it stands today, Ethereum will not be able to handle the scale necessary for millions of users. If the network wants to retain the same level of decentralization, it will have to look for new ways to structure use around the main blockchain. 

    As such, there are currently several Layer 2 solutions that aim to resolve Ethereum’s scaling issues. There are also some hybrid solutions which seek to improve the network’s scalability by combining the technologies. But is there really a need for so many solutions?

    We say yes, because multiple solutions can help reduce the overall traffic on any one part of the network, and also prevent single points of failure. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Different solutions can exist and work in harmony, allowing for an exponential effect on future transaction speed and throughput. Furthermore, not all solutions require utilizing the Ethereum consensus algorithm directly, and alternatives can offer benefits that would otherwise be difficult to achieve.

    If Ethereum achieves its full potential of becoming a global trust layer, it is likely that these solutions and more will be required to scale the network in combination with Ethereum 2.0. In the future, the Ethereum ecosystem could see significant change as new projects assess the benefits and drawbacks of running on Layer 2. 

    If all of these solutions can come together in harmony, Ethereum will achieve a blockchain system that can match the speed and scale of programmatic advertising – one that can be used by industries with high data processing needs as well as users worldwide.

    Sources:

    https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/scaling/

    https://hackernoon.com/ethereums-layer-2-the-story-so-far-and-what-to-expect-next-kn41342c

    https://dappradar.com/blog/ethereum-rollups-a-simple-explanation

    https://medium.com/general_knowledge/rollup-rollup-top-layer-2-compared-arbitrum-vs-optimism-vs-polygon-4a469389faef